Page 20 - CIWA Climate Resilience & Mitigation Assessment

CIWA Climate Resilience & mitigation Assessment

It is notable that of the larger adaptation investments The three investments in the Cubango-Okavango
influenced by CIWA in the Nile and Cubango- each consisted of bundles of investments identified
Okavango regions³⁵ only about one-third are mobilized by the Cubango-Okavango Resilient Livelihoods
(seven mobilized of 21 total).³⁶ It is possible to justify the Enhancement Program, based on a previous Multi-
hypothesis that those without large grey infrastructure Sector Investment Opportunity Analysis (MSIOA)
seem to be less likely to be mobilized. However, large- conducted by CIWA. Potential investments included
scale watershed rehabilitation and management are the review of a series of irrigation schemes in Angola
critical to derisking the effects of climate change, and Namibia, urban water supply upgrading and
especially for flash flooding and droughts. Future work extension, and water abstraction and transfer schemes.
should consider how to elevate these as priorities. There
is an important and growing climate finance gap in The Sustainable Groundwater Management in the
vulnerable contexts, and climate resilience/adaptation SADC Member States (Phase 1 and 2) supported
finance is not sufficiently targeted to the most FCV- SADC-GMI with a joint strategic action program to
affected countries.³⁷ CIWA provides important support in support small-scale investments in local aquifers.
the most vulnerable contexts, including FCV settings, to Twenty-three local investments were designed—12 in
focus on resilience building and addressing this gap, Phase 1 and 11 in Phase 2. These small projects usually
when many other funding sources do not. followed one or more of the following objectives:
improving groundwater data collection monitoring
CIWA-influenced climate resilience investments in systems, identifying and characterizing local aquifers,
the Nile Basin primarily focus on expanding irrigation rehabilitating or drilling new boreholes, and installing
and constructing multi-purpose dams for solar-powered pumps. Projects were identified in a
hydropower, agriculture, and multiuse water supply. large subset of SADC countries (Angola, Botswana, DRC,
NCORE and its additional financing supported riparian Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique,
countries in the identification of a pipeline of priority Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe).
investments to improve water, energy, and food
security in a coordinated manner. Twenty-one The Niger CRIP is treated separately from those in
investments identified were matched with climate Table 6 because of the large package of investments,
resilience measures. Of the 21 resilience investments, many of which are not yet fully identified. CIWA
seven have been mobilized, five of which are multi- facilitated extensive consultations between the NBA
purpose water resources development projects, in and its nine riparian countries to enhance climate
Kocholia and Sio-Sango (Kenya), Kabuyanda (Uganda), resilience and reduce poverty. The CRIP was endorsed
Angololo (Kenya and Uganda), and Nyimur (Uganda and by heads of states of the nine countries at COP21 in
South Sudan). The Regional Hydromet investment has Paris in 2016. Of 246 actions originally identified, the
focused on establishing a regional hydrological NBA selected a subset of 172 priority climate adaptation
monitoring system to provide reliable information for investments. A first bundle of 50 activities (not with
water resources management. One example of the Nile CIWA), for a total of US$274 million, has secured funding
Basin Discourse’s (NBD) support was helping from the AfDB, Green Climate Fund, and the European
communities in the Lakes Edward and Albert Integrated Union (under the Program for Development and
Fisheries and Water Resources Management Project Adaptation to Climate Change [PIDACC]).³⁹ The PIDACC
build government capacity in the DRC and Uganda to projects reinforce the resilience of the Niger River’s
harmonize fisheries regulations, monitor the system, and ecosystems and agropastoral communities through
provide equitable oversight.³⁸ sustainable resources management. The remaining
package of 122 CRIP actions, totaling US$1.99 billion, are
The NCORE project contributed the largest share of under consideration for support by the World Bank.
potential and mobilized adaptation investments of
regional significance. The combination of Nile projects CIWA influenced 38 investments in climate change
(NCORE, the NBD RETF, NCCR, and Nile Basin Support resilience. These include 23 mobilized small-scale
Program) influenced a total of 21 investments classified investments directly implemented by the Sustainable
as significantly related to climate resilience. One Groundwater Management in SADC Member States
example is the feasibility study for the Kabuyanda projects (each costing about US$150,000) in 12 SADC
Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project in countries. However, these 38 investments do not include
Uganda. This CIWA-influenced investment successfully the 172 priority climate resilience investments selected
mobilized World Bank International Development by the Niger CRIP. CIWA’s future work with the NBA will
Association (IDA) financing for its realization. This lead to identifying and preparing some of these actions.
investment, which improves farmers’ access to irrigation
and establishes management arrangements for
irrigation service delivery, supports supply-side
management by expanding supplies (e.g., through
diversification of water sources, reducing water losses,
and/or improving cooperation on shared water
resources). Upon completion, the investment will
expand climate-smart irrigation by 4,500 ha.

³⁵ SADC region investments are mobilized but they are very small at ~$200,000 each. Certainly, these are impactful, but they are inherently different.
³⁶ These investments are further described in Annex 4.
³⁷ United Nations Environment Program (2021) Adaptation Gap Report 2021: The gathering storm–Adapting to climate change in a post-pandemic world. Nairobi.
³⁸ Implementation Completion and Results Report (ICR) Document - Engaging Civil Society for Social and Climate Resilience in the Nile.- P132448.
https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099700006172227110/p1324480813fb70608f71033fa872da9fd?
_gl=1*4zeoww*_gcl_au*ODYwMDIyNDM1LjE3MjY2NzI5OTE.
18 ³⁹ MapAfrica: Mali-Integrated Program for Development and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Basin of Niger (PIDACC)
https://mapafrica.afdb.org/en/projects/46002-P-Z1-C00-068