Page 17 - CIWA Climate Resilience & Mitigation Assessment

CIWA Climate Resilience & mitigation Assessment

Table 5: Climate adaptation indicators pertaining to the water sector³²

Sector Climate adaptation indicators

1. Sanitation and 1.1 Incorporate changes in design of wastewater/fecal sludge management systems to better cope
wastewater with extreme weather events (by reducing potential water contamination and the likelihood of
management component and system failures)

2.1 Support demand-side management based on water-saving and water-pricing policies to maintain
climate-resilient water supplies (by reducing water consumption and increasing water-use efficiency)
2.2 Support supply-side management by expanding supplies (e.g., through diversification of water
2. Water supply sources), reducing water losses, and/or improving cooperation on shared water resources
2.3 Relocate well fields away from floodplains or raise well heads
2.4 Improve watershed management planning and regulation of water abstraction
2.5 Install water-recycling equipment to improve water security
2.6 Optimize water infrastructure design based on climate and hydrological models

3.1 Retain or reestablish mangrove forests and wetlands as protection against floods
3.2 Improve flood resilience of infrastructure (e.g., bridges, water supply, community infrastructure)
3. Flood protection 3.3 Promote regional cooperation on flood-risk reduction
3.4 Construct or strengthen polders, dikes, and embankments to protect against increasing flood risks
3.5 Reinforce the coastline physically (with new/rehabilitated structures) or naturally (with vegetation)
3.6 Incorporate climate-related aspects in design standards for drainage systems
4. Wastewater
collection, 4.1 Incorporate changes in design of wastewater treatment and disposal systems in response to
transportation, extreme weather and flood events
treatment, and 4.2 Protect wastewater infrastructure against increasing flood risk
4.3 Treat wastewater and conserve/reuse (waste)water to respond to declining water supplies
disposal
5.1 Develop water monitoring and information systems
5.2 Train RBOs to apply WRM techniques to make water systems climate-resilient*
5.3 Develop and implement equitable arrangements for sharing water resources between competing
demands (agriculture, hydropower, industry, and household)
5.4 Incorporate climate-related factors (e.g., changes in precipitation, temperature, runoff,
evapotranspiration) in hydromet forecasts, total/seasonal water availability, and water demand and
storage planning
5. General water, 5.5 Incorporate climate-related factors (e.g., changes in precipitation, temperature, runoff,
sanitation, and flood evapotranspiration) in hydromet forecasts, total/seasonal water availability, and water demand and
protection storage planning
5.6 Incorporate climate-related water cycle changes into national and transboundary water basin planning
5.7 Provide supplemental irrigation, multi-cropping systems, drip irrigation, leveling, and other approaches
and technologies that reduce the risk of large crop failures
5.8 Establish core protected areas and buffer zones to safeguard biodiversity and ensure the sustainable
use of water to meet livelihood needs during drought
5.9 Fill in climate change-related data gaps that hinder policy formulation and implementation
5.10 Design and implement conjunctive management strategies for groundwater and surface water that
incorporate climate-related water cycle changes

6. Dam safety** 6.1 Improved physical safety of dams to better withstand floods and provide increase supply during
droughts.

7. Drought risk 7.1 Drought risk management and development of regional efforts on drought resilience
management** 7.2 Introduction of digital solutions and innovative financial instruments such as drought insurance
7.3 Modernization of the management of strategic food reserves for improving resilience to droughts

Source: World Bank, 2021 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Co-benefits Tracking: Guidance Note for the Water Sector (Version 4)

* Indicator 5.2 was modified from “local water boards” to RBOs to reflect CIWA’s focus of activity on the regional and transboundary instead of local level.
** The Sectoral Groupings and Indicators on dam safety and drought risk management were added to the original list to account for CIWA engagement in
these areas and their relevance to climate resilience.

³² The Guidance Note’s organization of potential climate adaptation activities has undergone previous revision, and it is notable that additional regroupings and edits may be
sensible, however, this assessment aimed to utilize a core framework that future work can be built from, and therefore, as few changes as possible were made to the original list. 15